Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements May 31, 2008, 2007, 2006
note a — summary of significant
accounting policies
1) Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
Our financial statements consolidate all of our affiliates –
companies that we control and in which we hold a majority
voting interest. We account for our investments in less-thanmajority-
owned joint ventures under the equity method.
Effects of transactions between related companies are
eliminated in consolidation.
Our business is dependent on external weather factors.
Historically, we have experienced strong sales and net income
in our first, second and fourth fiscal quarters comprised of the
three-month periods ending August 31, November 30 and
May 31, respectively, with weaker performance in our third
fiscal quarter (December through February).
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year amounts
to conform to this year’s presentation.
2) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United
States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that
affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
those estimates.
3) Acquisitions/Divestitures
We account for business combinations using the purchase
method of accounting and accordingly, the assets and
liabilities of the acquired entities are recorded at their
estimated fair values at the acquisition date.
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2008, we completed
nine acquisitions, the majority of which report through our
industrial reportable segment. The acquired product lines
and assets included a specialty coatings provider for industrial
and marine applications in Scandinavia, a manufacturer of
concrete admixture products in Chile, a decorative concrete
system manufacturer based in the southern U.S., a sealant
supplier for window assembly markets in southern and eastern
Europe, and a manufacturer of high-performance flooring
systems in England. The purchase price for each acquisition
has been allocated to the preliminary, estimated fair values
of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date
of acquisition. Acquisitions completed during fiscal 2008 have
been aggregated in the following table:
During our second fiscal quarter of 2008, we completed the
sale of our Bondo subsidiary, formerly one of our consumer
segment product lines, to an outside third party. Sale proceeds
of $45.0 million generated a one-time, pre-tax net gain of
$1.1 million, which has been included in selling, general and
administrative expense for fiscal 2008. The reported amount
of the gain is net of approximately $4.2 million of transactionrelated
costs, including $1.5 million for involuntary employee
terminations and related costs, approximately $1.6 million in
adjustments for product returns and product liability accruals,
and approximately $1.0 million for closing costs and other fees.
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2007, we completed
six acquisitions, which included product lines such as industrial
and concrete coatings, fireproofing products, daylight
fluorescent pigments, and a number of waterproofing,
epoxy and sealant products. We have allocated the respective
purchase prices for each of these acquisitions to the
underlying fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities
assumed at their dates of acquisition, as summarized in the
following table:
Our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the results of
operations of these acquired businesses as of their respective
dates of acquisition. Pro-forma results of operations for
the years ended May 31, 2008 and May 31, 2007 were not
materially different from reported results and, consequently,
are not presented.
4) Foreign Currency
The functional currency for each of our foreign subsidiaries
is its local currency. Accordingly, for the periods presented,
assets and liabilities have been translated using exchange rates
at year end, while income and expense for the periods have
been translated using a weighted-average exchange rate.
The resulting translation adjustments have been recorded in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component
of stockholders’ equity, and will be included in net earnings
only upon the sale or liquidation of the underlying foreign
investment, neither of which is contemplated at this time.
Transaction gains and losses have been immaterial during the
past three fiscal years.
5) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the following components:
6) Cash and Short-Term Investments
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all
highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of
three months or less to be cash equivalents. We do not believe
we are exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and
short-term investments. The carrying amounts of cash and
short-term investments approximate fair value.
7) Marketable Securities
Marketable securities, included in other current and long-term
assets, are composed mainly of available for sale securities
and are reported at fair value, based on quoted market prices.
Changes in unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes,
are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) within stockholders’ equity. When we experience otherthan-
temporary declines in market value from original cost,
those amounts are reflected in operating income in the period
in which the losses occur. In order to determine whether an
other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred,
the duration of the decline in value and our ability to hold
the investment to recovery are considered in conjunction
with an evaluation of the strength of the underlying collateral
and the extent to which the investment’s carrying value
exceeds its related market value. Marketable securities,
primarily consisting of equity securities, totaled $110.8 million
and $85.8 million at May 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The unrealized gain on securities amounted to approximately
$7.8 million and $12.2 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively,
which related primarily to the impact of the stock market
improvement over the last two fiscal years, in addition to
the significant growth of our minority investment in
Kemrock Industries.
8) Financial Instruments
Financial instruments recorded on the balance sheet include
cash and short-term investments, accounts receivable, notes
and accounts payable, and debt. The carrying amount of cash
and short-term investments, accounts receivable, and notes
and accounts payable approximates fair value because of their
short-term maturity.
An allowance for anticipated uncollectible trade receivable
amounts is established using a combination of specifically
identified accounts to be reserved, and a reserve covering
trends in collectibility. These estimates are based on an analysis
of trends in collectibility, past experience, and individual
account balances identified as doubtful based on specific facts
and conditions. Receivable losses are charged against the
allowance when we confirm uncollectibility.
All derivative instruments are recognized on the balance
sheet and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values
of derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedges and/or
any ineffective portion of hedges are recognized as a gain or
(loss) in our Consolidated Statement of Income in the current
period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments
used effectively as fair value hedges are recognized in earnings
(losses), along with the change in the value of the hedged
item. Such derivative transactions are accounted for under
SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities,” as amended and interpreted. We do not
hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
The carrying amount of our debt instruments approximates
fair value based on quoted market prices, variable
interest rates or borrowing rates for similar types of debt
arrangements, with the exception of our contingentlyconvertible
notes due 2033. At May 31, 2008, these notes had a
carrying value of $150.2 million and an approximate fair value
of $197.8 million.
9) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost
being determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis and market
being determined on the basis of replacement cost or net
realizable value. Inventory costs include raw materials, labor
and manufacturing overhead. Inventories were composed of
the following major classes:
10) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets,” and account for business
combinations using the purchase method of accounting and
accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entities acquired
are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition
date. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price
paid over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the
amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. We perform
the required annual impairment assessments as of the first day
of our fourth fiscal quarter, using a fair-value approach at the
reporting unit level. Our reporting units have been identified
at the component level, or one level below our operating
segments. If a loss were to result from the performance of
the annual test, it would be reflected in pre-tax income. The
annual goodwill impairment assessment involves estimating
the fair value of each reporting unit and comparing it with
its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the reporting
unit exceeds its fair value, additional steps are followed to
determine and recognize, if appropriate, an impairment loss.
Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires our
significant use of estimates and assumptions. We estimate the
fair values of our reporting units by applying a combination of
third-party market-value indicators and discounted future cash
flows to each of our reporting unit’s projected earnings before
interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. In applying this
methodology, we rely on a number of factors, including actual
and forecasted operating results and market data. In the event
that our calculations indicate that goodwill is impaired, a fair
value estimate of each tangible and intangible asset would be
established. This process would require the estimation of the
discounted cash flows expected to be generated by each asset
in addition to independent asset appraisals, as appropriate,
and if impaired, these balances would be written down to
fair value. Our cash flow estimates are based on our historical
experience and our internal business plans, and appropriate
discount rates are applied. Additionally, we test all indefinitelived
intangible assets for impairment annually. The results
of our annual impairment tests for the fiscal years ended
May 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 did not require any adjustment
to the carrying value of goodwill or other indefinite-lived
intangible assets.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by
reportable segment, for the years ended May 31, 2008 and
2007, are as follows:
Other intangible assets consist of the following major classes:
The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $20.6 million,
$20.1 million and $15.7 million, respectively. For the next five fiscal years, we estimate annual intangible asset amortization expense
related to our existing intangible assets to approximate the following: 2009 - $21.1 million, 2010 - $20.1 million, 2011 - $19.4 million,
2012 - $18.8 million and 2013 - $18.5 million.
11) Depreciation
Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line
method over the following ranges of useful lives:
| Land improvements | 3 to 25 years |
| Buildings and improvements | 3 to 50 years |
| Machinery and equipment | 1 to 25 years |
Total depreciation expense for each fiscal period includes the
charges to income that result from the amortization of assets
recorded under capital leases.
As required by SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment
or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” we review long-lived
assets for impairment when circumstances indicate that the
carrying values of these assets may not be recoverable. For
assets that are to be held and used, an impairment charge
is recognized when the estimated undiscounted future cash
flows associated with the asset or group of assets are less
than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment
is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is
recorded for the difference between the carrying value and
the fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted
market values, discounted cash flows, internal appraisals or
external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are
carried at the lower of their carrying value or estimated net
realizable value.
12) Revenue Recognition
Revenues are recognized when realized or realizable, and
when earned. In general, this is when title and risk of loss
pass to the customer. Further, revenues are realizable when
we have persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement, the
product has been shipped or the services have been provided
to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and
collectibility is reasonably assured. We reduce our revenues for
estimated customer returns and allowances, certain rebates,
sales incentives, and promotions in the same period the related
sales are recorded.
We also record revenues generated under long-term
construction contracts, mainly in connection with the
installation of specialized roofing and flooring systems,
and related services. In general, we account for long-term
construction contracts under the percentage-of-completion
method, and therefore record contract revenues and related
costs as our contracts progress. This method recognizes the
economic results of contract performance on a timelier
basis than does the completed-contract method; however,
application of this method requires reasonably dependable
estimates of progress toward completion, as well as other
dependable estimates. When reasonably dependable
estimates cannot be made, or if other factors make estimates
doubtful, the completed contract method is applied. Under
the completed contract method, billings and costs are
accumulated on the balance sheet as the contract progresses,
but no revenue is recognized until the contract is complete or
substantially complete.